We propose this examination to be mandated as a licensure requirement for practicing medicine in Saudi Arabia. Discussion We are arguing for the need for a Saudi national medical licensing examination that consists of two parts: Part I (Written) which tests the basic science and clinical knowledge and Part II (Objective Structured Clinical Examination) which tests the clinical skills and attitudes.
The need for national medical licensing examination in Saudi Arabiaīajammal, Sohail Zaini, Rania Abuznadah, Wesam Al-Rukban, Mohammad Aly, Syed Moyn Boker, Abdulaziz Al-Zalabani, Abdulmohsen Al-Omran, Mohammad Al-Habib, Amro Al-Sheikh, Mona Al-Sultan, Mohammad Fida, Nadia Alzahrani, Khalid Hamad, Bashir Al Shehri, Mohammad Abdulrahman, Khalid Bin Al-Damegh, Saleh Al-Nozha, Mansour M Donnon, Tyroneīackground Medical education in Saudi Arabia is facing multiple challenges, including the rapid increase in the number of medical schools over a short period of time, the influx of foreign medical graduates to work in Saudi Arabia, the award of scholarships to hundreds of students to study medicine in various countries, and the absence of published national guidelines for minimal acceptable competencies of a medical graduate. We apply these methods to obtain preliminary tomography results on the entire Arabian Shield. We found that measurements of low gravity qualitatively correlate with low values of shear-velocity below 20 km along the cross-section profile. Cross-sections of the 3D shear velocity models were compared to gravity measurements obtained in the south-east edge of the field. A crustal layer interface at approximately 20 km depth was determined by the inversions for all components, matching the results of prior seismic-refraction studies. The dispersion maps resolved a zone of slow surface wave velocity south-east of the city of Medina spatially correlated with the 1256 CE eruption.
A grid-search method was used to carry out 1D shear-velocity inversions at each latitude-longitude point and the results were interpolated to produce pseudo-3D shear velocity models. We used a year of recorded natural ambient noise to determine group and phase velocity surface wave dispersion maps with a 0.1 decimal degree resolution for radial-radial, transverse-transverse, and vertical-vertical components of the empirical Green's function. This area is instrumented by 14 broadband Nanometrics Trillium T120 instruments across an array aperture of approximately 130 kilometers. Volcanism at Harrat Rahat began approximately 10 Ma, with at least three pulses around 10, 5, and 2 Ma, and at least several pulses in the Quaternary from 1.9 Ma to the present. This project is part of an overall effort by the Saudi Geological Survey and the United States Geological Survey to describe the subsurface structure and assess hazards within the Saudi Arabian shield. We present seismic shear-velocities for Harrat Rahat, a Cenozoic bimodal alkaline volcanic field in west-central Saudi Arabia, using seismic tomography from natural ambient noise.
Shear-wave velocities beneath the Harrat Rahat volcanic field, Saudi Arabia, using ambient seismic noise analysisĬivilini, F. The practical significance of these earthquakes cannot be evaluated from the few data available, and further studies should be undertaken to determine if there are significant seismic hazards along the west coast of Saudi Arabia. The recording of these earthquakes demonstrates that there are active faults at this location, probably associated with the currently active Red Sea tectonic system. A significant level of microearthquake activity was detected at a location that approximately coincides with the landward extension of the proposed transform fault.
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During the period 20 January to 22 February, 1978, five portable seismic stations were deployed in the Tihamat Asir in the southwest part of the country. It was generally assumed that there were no active faults along the west coast. Prior to this study, there were no seismic stations in Saudi Arabia and no studies of microearthquake activity. The eastern margin of the Red Sea, which includes all of the west coast of Saudi Arabia, is possibly cut by transform faults that may be capable of producing earthquakes large enough to cause damage in the heavily populated areas or in the industrial complexes under construction.
Knowledge of the seismicity of the west coast of Saudi Arabia is vitally important to the Kingdom. Seismicity of the Tihamat-Asir region, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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